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- 1869-1940. British Conservative politician,
- son of Joseph Chamberlain. He was prime
- minister 1937-40; his policy of appeasement
- towards the fascist dictators Mussolini and
- Hitler (with whom he concluded the Munich
- Agreement 1938) failed to prevent the
- outbreak of World War II. He resigned 1940
- following the defeat of the British forces in
- Norway. Younger son of Joseph Chamberlain and
- half-brother of Austen Chamberlain, he was
- born in Birmingham, of which he was lord
- mayor in 1915. He was minister of health in
- 1923 and 1924-29 and worked at slum
- clearance. In 1931 he was chancellor of the
- Exchequer in the national government, and in
- 1937 succeeded Baldwin as prime minister.
- Trying to close the old Anglo-Irish feud, he
- agreed to return to Eire those ports that had
- been occupied by the navy. He also attempted
- to appease the demands of the European
- dictators, particularly Mussolini. In 1938 he
- went to Munich and negotiated with Hitler the
- settlement of the Czechoslovak question. He
- was ecstatically received on his return, and
- claimed that the Munich Agreement brought
- `peace in our time'. Within a year, however,
- Britain was at war with Germany. In 1938
- Chamberlain went to Munich, Germany, and
- negotiated with Hitler on the Czechoslovak
- question. He was ecstatically received on his
- return and claimed that the Munich Agreement
- brought `peace in our time'. However, Germany
- advanced against British allies and within a
- year Britain was at war.
-